Many have observed this is a strange ending for the letter, there is nothing about idolatry in the entire book so it seems odd for John to drop this line as a conclusion to the letter. Was there another paragraph which explained this line? Did the usual ending of an epistle get lost before the letter was added to the canon?
Artemis of Ephesus
That this is the seventh time John has called his readers children is significant. This is a planned statement not a last minute addition to fill out a page of papyri. In fact, Jobes says the original readers would have read this like a punchline, the rhetorical conclusion to the letter, answering the question the whole letter has been asking, if all this is true and we know what is real, can we really worship idols? (Jobes, 1, 2, & 3 John, 242).
For many interpreters, this is a command to avoid literal idolatry. Rejection of the Roman imperial cult led to some kind of persecution of John’s community. “Those who deny that Jesus is the Christ in this letter (2:22–23; 4:3; cf. 2 John 7) are people who yield to these pagan demands so as to avoid martyrdom” (Kruse, Epistles of John, 200).
For others, this command is a metaphor. Taking the word idol as “phantom,” Sugit argued this is a warning away from Docetism (J. N. Sugit, “I John 5:21,” JTS 36 (1985): 386–90). Raymond Brown took idolatry as a reference to the successionists, stay away from the liars and deceivers who John has called the antichrists (Epistles of John, 627–28).
“By idols he means not only images of the gods, but all false or counterfeit notions of God such as lead to the perversions of religion against which he has written” (Dodd, Johannine Epistles, 141)
“Most modern interpreters identify ‘idols’ with the idolatry of the secessionists who left the worship of the true God to follow after a false Christology” (C. Marvin Pate, The Writings of John, 316)
But idolatry is a strange metaphor for some kind of Christological error. The people who read this letter originally lived a world full of idolatry, it was impossible to avoid gods living in first century Ephesus!
Although this is necessarily speculative, I suggest the people who left John’s churches and claim not to sin offered worship to Rome or Artemis in order to avoid persecution. Several times in the letter John has implied that the opponents think that they do not sin. There’s no reason to think that sin would not include idolatry, so that worship of the Roman Empire in order to appear to be a good and loyal citizen would be perfectly acceptable to them. As I suggested in a previous post, few modern Christians consider pledging allegiance to the American flag to be idolatry. But for a person living in first century Ephesus, to “pledge loyalty” to the Roman Empire meant some kind of participation in the Imperial Cult.
Once again we find ourselves in the same territory as the seven letters of the Book of Revelation. There are several references there to people who participate in some form of idol worship, and certainly the rest of the book of revelation is about the worship of the beast, if the beast is Rome then the Roman imperial cult is not far from the surface.
Thanks for the post on this interesting topic. Do you think idolatrous accomodation to Rome has anything to do with the central claim of the seccessionists; that the Messiah was not flesh?
I do not think so, I am not sure how they would be related (maybe you are thinking of something?)
Well Paul Anderson suggests that the denial of Christ’s flesh (in 1 John and John 6) has to do with the belief that Christians need not suffer for their witness in the world because Christ himself did not actually suffer.
Thanks for point, Alex. Do you have a reference for which book / article Anderson makes this comment?
Great topic, I think the idea of refraining from idolatrous loyalties that would otherwise deny Christ is something we are not familiar with. What I mean by that is I do not think most of us have had experiences where we find ourselves needing to renounce Christ for the sake of our lives. Because of this, we often get personal applications from this text that look like “What is your idol?” or “Cell phones/games/cars/ect are idols!” But no preacher that I have ever seen approaches these 21st centuries “idols” the same as idols in the text. If our cell phone was truly an idol in place of God shouldn’t we be urging our brothers and sister to throw them down and swear to never return to them? Is a weekly time limit an appropriate response to an idol? I think not! Do you think we have misconstrued what an idol actually is in the 21st century?
When reading your blog post there were great points made and I really enjoyed taking into consideration what your interpretation of it was. It made me think of idols in today’s perspective. When it comes to us as believers we traditionally think of an idol as the golden calf or false gods that are specified more explicitly in Egyptian Mythology (only mentioned a couple of times in scripture. An idol is something that is put and receives worship before Yahweh, it acts as a distraction from our actual calling of following God’s will for our lives. Now there are idols like that today in other countries like modern day Asia Minor, UAE or Egypt. But we never look at ourselves as having idols, but we do in fact have idols in our lives; now it may not be the traditional look of a golden calf but as I said an idol is something that gets praise before Yahweh that is distracting from our calling. In modern America an idol might be a cell phone, social media, work, family, etc. all of these things contribute to the distraction of our calling, and it becomes a problem in our daily lives. When we neglect to fill ourselves with the Word of God or fellowship and replace it with our child’s soccer game, a work project or posting on Instagram we start to fall into the same pattern as the Israelites did in the times of Scripture. Shifting away from the approval of God to random people, family or authority figures doesn’t deepen our spirituality rather it troubles it. The response to idols from God isn’t a positive one nor does He allow people to learn from worshiping idols He proves His own authority in hopes to turn their eye from the distraction towards Him.